Light having a circuit accommodating batteries of different types and/or sizes

ABSTRACT

An electronic circuit and/or method that determines a type and/or size of a battery in a light and controls operation of a light source may comprise: a circuit measuring the voltage of the battery; and a processor for determining the measured battery voltage. The processor may compare the measured battery voltage and a predetermined voltage and set an operating condition of the light source based upon the difference between the measured battery voltage and the predetermined voltage. The processor may apply a predetermined load to the battery for a predetermined time and measure battery voltage during the predetermined time; and determine the difference between the measured voltage of the battery and the measured battery voltage during the predetermined time.

This application is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/050,498 entitled “LIGHT HAVING A COMPARTMENT ACCOMMODATING BATTERIESOF DIFFERENT TYPES, SIZES AND/OR SHAPES” filed on Mar. 17, 2011, whichis hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

The present invention relates to a light and, in particular, to a lighthaving a circuit that can accommodate batteries of different types,sizes and/or shapes.

Typical conventional portable lights operate by design from a particulartype of battery which has a standardized size and shape, e.g., AA, AAA,C, D, CR123, CR2, and so forth. Conventional lights are also designed toaccept a battery that has a defined standard chemistry, e.g., a carbonzinc, an alkaline, a lead acid, a NiCd, a NiMH, a lithium or alithium-ion chemistry. When the time comes to replace the battery in aconventional light the operator must have a replacement battery of theparticular size, shape and chemistry needed. This results in a need tohave available batteries of the different sizes and shapes, and of thedifferent chemistries, of the lights in use, or to simplify batteryreplacement by limiting the lights that will be utilized to those lightthat accept a particular replacement battery.

The foregoing is particularly disadvantageous, and may even be dangerousto life and limb, for lights that are employed in the field or in aremote location, and/or where it is desirable or even necessary to notbe without an operating light. Examples include police, fire, military,hazardous materials, and other hazardous or fast response environments.Examples of lights suitable for such environments include theSIDEWINDER® light and the SIDEWINDER COMPACT® light both available fromStreamlight, Inc. of Eagleville, Pa. which are described in U.S. Pat.Nos. 7,549,766 entitled “Light Including an Electro-Optical ‘Photonic’Selector Switch,” Des. 549,379 entitled “Portable Light” and Des.611,629 entitled “Portable Light,” each of which is hereby incorporatedherein by reference in its entirety.

One approach taken to alleviate this battery replacement problem hasbeen to provide lights that have separate battery compartments that canaccept different batteries of the same chemistry, e.g., as in U.S. Pat.No. 5,167,447 entitled “Flashlight Using Different Size Batteries.”Another approach has been to provide lights having battery compartmentsthat have distinct sections and or lobes for receiving batteries ofdifferent sizes, e.g. as in U.S. Pat. No. 6,851,828 entitled “FlashlightUtilizing Differently Sized Batteries” and U.S. Pat. No. 6,046,572entitled “Battery Operated Appliance, Flashlight and Switching Systems.”Each of these arrangements results in a light that is substantiallylarger than a light that accepts only one battery type due to the extracompartments and/or extra sections and/or lobes thereof that are neededto accept different battery sizes, shapes and/or types, and so tends tobe disadvantageous for use in a miniature or compact light.

The foregoing problem is not limited to lights, but is inherent withdevices that utilize replaceable batteries as a source of power. Forexample, battery operated night vision goggles and other night visiondevices, such as are utilized by the military and police, batteryoperated testing devices for flammable and hazardous gasses and otherhazardous materials, such as may be utilized by “haz-mat,” utility andother emergency responders, would benefit from being able to be operatedwith batteries of different sizes, shapes and/or types as may beavailable in a given situation, rather than being limited to a singletype of battery. Likewise, various medical devices could also benefitfrom being operable on different batteries.

Accordingly, Applicant believes there may be a need for a light andother devices that can accommodate in a battery compartment and/or in acircuit batteries of different sizes, shapes and/or types, withoutneeding extra compartments or lobes that increase the size of the light.

A portable light or device may comprise: a light source or operativeelement; a switch for controlling energization of the light source oroperative element; and a housing supporting the light source oroperative element and the switch. A compartment of the housing mayreceive batteries of different sizes and has a relatively largerdiameter in a central region and has a relatively smaller diameter atleast at one end. Electrical contacts at opposite ends of thecylindrical compartment are for making electrical connection to abattery which may be of a relatively larger diameter and a relativelyshorter length or may be of a relatively smaller diameter and arelatively longer length.

In another aspect, a portable light or device may comprise: a lightsource or operative element; a switch for controlling energization ofthe light source or operative element; and a housing supporting thelight or operative element and the switch. The housing has a compartmenthaving a relatively larger transverse dimension in one region forreceiving a battery having a corresponding larger transverse dimensionand has a relatively smaller transverse dimension at least at one endthereof for receiving a battery having a corresponding smallertransverse dimension. At least one electrical contact in the compartmentis movable for making electrical connection to batteries having arelatively shorter length and a relatively longer length.

According to a further aspect, a light or device may comprise a housinghaving a compartment for receiving a battery therein and an electroniccircuit responsive to a battery being placed in the compartment of thehousing for determining the type of the battery and changing anoperating condition of an operative element of the light or deviceresponsive thereto.

According to another aspect, an electronic circuit that determines atype and/or size of a battery in a light and controls operation of alight source may comprise: a circuit measuring the voltage of thebattery; and a processor for determining the measured battery voltage.The processor may compare the measured battery voltage and apredetermined voltage and set an operating condition of the light sourcebased upon the difference between the measured battery voltage and thepredetermined voltage.

In another aspect, a method for determining a type and/or size of abattery in a portable light and controlling an operating condition of alight source may comprise: measuring the voltage of the battery;determining the measured voltage of the battery at a first time;comparing the measured voltage of the battery at the first time and apredetermined voltage value; and setting an operating condition of thelight source based upon the difference between the measured voltage ofthe battery determined at the first time and the predetermined voltagevalue.

Further, the processor and/or method may apply a predetermined load tothe battery for a predetermined time and measure battery voltage duringthe predetermined time; and determine the difference between themeasured voltage of the battery and the measured battery voltage duringthe predetermined time.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

The detailed description of the preferred embodiment(s) will be moreeasily and better understood when read in conjunction with the FIGURESof the Drawing which include:

FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C are perspective views of an example embodiment of aportable light of the present arrangement;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the example portable light of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the example light;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the example light with a first typeof battery therein;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the example light with a seconddifferent type of battery therein;

FIG. 6, separated into parts 6A and 6B, is an electrical schematicdiagram of example electronic circuitry suitable for use with theexample portable light;

FIG. 7, separated into parts 6A and 6B, is an electrical schematicdiagram of alternative example electronic circuitry suitable for usewith the example portable light;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an example embodiment of a circuit formeasuring a voltage; and

FIG. 9 includes FIGS. 9A and 9B which are schematic flow diagrams forexample embodiments of a method for measuring a voltage and respondingthereto.

In the Drawing, where an element or feature is shown in more than onedrawing figure, the same alphanumeric designation may be used todesignate such element or feature in each figure, and where a closelyrelated or modified element is shown in a figure, the samealphanumerical designation primed or designated “a” or “b” or the likemay be used to designate the modified element or feature. Similarly,similar elements or features may be designated by like alphanumericdesignations in different figures of the Drawing and with similarnomenclature in the specification. According to common practice, thevarious features of the drawing are not to scale, and the dimensions ofthe various features may be arbitrarily expanded or reduced for clarity,and any value stated in any Figure is given by way of example only.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)

FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C are perspective views of an example embodiment of aportable light 10 of the present arrangement. Light 10 comprises a lighthousing 100 having a housing portion 120 and a housing portion 140.Housing portion 120 may be generally rectangular and typically includesa light source assembly 200. Housing portion 120 resides adjacent ahousing portion 140 which defines a generally cylindrical compartment150 therein for receiving batteries of different types therein. Oneexample preferred light source assembly 200 includes a relatively higherlight output light source 232 and one or more relatively lower lightoutput light sources 236 which typically produce light having differentproperties, e.g. different colors and/or brightness.

A selector or knob 250 at one end of housing portion 120 is forselecting the one of light sources 230, 232, 236 that is to producelight when light 10 is turned ON and for turning light 100N and OFF. Tothat end, selector 250 preferably is rotatable to select the particularlight source 230, 232, 236 to be operated by being pulled away fromlight body 100 against a spring bias, rotated to a desired operatingposition indicative of a selected light source 230, 232, 236, and thenreleased to return toward body 100 by the spring bias. Selector knob 250preferably has a central push button actuator 251 that may be pressed tocause the selected light source 230, 232, 236 to be turned ON and OFF,and further, preferably to select a particular operating mode, e.g., abrightness level, a continuous ON mode, a flashing mode, a blinkingmode, and the like.

Body 100 typically has a tail cap 150 that covers the open end of itsbattery compartment 302, e.g., a compartment within housing portion 140,and may have a clip 160 by which light 10 may be attached to a person,an article and/or an object. Cap 150 may be tethered to housing portion140 by a flexible connection 180 or tether 180 that allows cap 150 to berotated relative to body 100. Clip 160 is preferably retained to body100 by a clip cover 170 so as to be rotatable relative to body 100,whereby light produced by light 10 may be directed over a range ofangular directions when light 10 is attached by clip 160. Cover 170 mayinclude a vent port 172 for venting any pressure that might build upwithin body 100.

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the example portable light 10 of FIG. 1and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view thereof. Body 100 portion 120 has agenerally rectangular opening 122 to an internal cavity 124 forreceiving light source assembly 200 therein. Light source assembly 200is retained in body portion 120 by a generally rectangular face cap 210and lens 212 which may be sealed by a lens gasket 214. Face cap or bezel210 is retained on body portion 120 by plural fasteners 216, e.g.,screws 216, but may be retained by any suitable fastening.

Light source assembly 200 further includes a light source 230 whichincludes an electronic circuit board 234 on which are mounted variouselectronic components including, but not limited to, a first lightsource 232, e.g., a light emitting diode (LED) 232, one or more secondtype light sources 236, e.g., plural LEDs 236, and switch 240 whichresponds to actuation of actuator 251 of selector 250 for controllingoperation of light source 230. Reflector 220 typically has a curvedshaped reflective surface and resides adjacent light source 232 whichresides at an opening 222 at the rear or narrow end of reflector 220.Reflector 220 may include a lens and/or protective cover 212 over lightsource 232. Panel 224 resides adjacent circuit board 234 and providesopenings for light sources 236, and also serves to block external lightfrom impinging upon optical components 242 located on circuit board 234.

Housing portion 120 also has an opening 126 at an end thereof forreceiving selector 250 therein. Selector 250 includes a ring portion 252for being rotated for selecting the light source 232, 236 that can beenergized and/or controlled by actuating actuator 251 to operate switch240. Central shaft 253 of selector 250 extends through opening 126 intosensor shroud 254 or baffle 254 which is secured thereon by E-ring 259or other fastener. Spring 258, e.g., a wave spring 258, resides incompression between a shoulder of shroud 254 and the inner surface ofhousing portion 120 for biasing shroud 254 and selector 250 towardhousing 120.

Selector 250 is rotatable relative to body 100, e.g., relative toportion 120 of housing 110, and typically has a number of selectingpositions corresponding to the number of light sources 232, 236 of lightsource 230. Where light source 230 has four light sources 232, 236,selector 250 has four selection positions. Selector 250 is rotated fromone selection position to another by pulling selector ring 252 away frombody 100 against the bias of spring 258, rotating selector ring 252 to adesired position, and releasing selector ring 252 which is pulled towardbody 100 housing 110 by spring 258.

Shroud 254 rotates with selector ring 252 as part of selector 250 andpresents surfaces of different optical reflectivity to electro-opticalcomponents 242 at each of its positions, i.e four positions whereselector 250 has four positions for selecting ones of the four lightsources 232, 236. Electro-optical components 242 may include, e.g., twophoto-emitter-photo-detector pairs that produce light that is eithermore strongly reflected or is less strongly or not reflected by thesurfaces of shroud 254 creating four unique conditions for light fromthe photo-emitters 242 impinging upon their respective photo-detectors242, from which the position of selector 250 can be detected from theoutputs from photo-detectors 242. The outputs from photo-detectors 242are decoded for the circuitry of light source 230 selecting the one oflight sources 232, 236 that is selectively energizable by actuator 251and switch 240. Selector 250 may be sealed by an O-ring 253.

Selector 250 and its associated circuitry may be, e.g., similar to theselector arrangement and its operation described in U.S. Pat. No.7,549,766 entitled “Light Including an Electro-Optical ‘Photonic’Selector Switch.”

Portion 140 of housing 110 has an interior compartment for receiving abattery or batteries therein, which battery or batteries may be ofdifferent types, sizes and/or shapes. The battery compartment elements300 of light 10 that are disposed in the battery compartment 302 ofhousing portion 110 and in cap 150 are described below. One end ofhousing portion 140 has a threaded end 142 through which a battery orbatteries may be placed into and removed from housing 110, which end 142is closed or covered by a cap or tail cap 150. Cap 150 includes a caphousing 152 and may have an optional tether 180 associated therewith andmay be sealed by an O-ring 158. Optional tether 180 typically comprisestwo rings 182 joined by a tethering link 184. When one ring 182 isdisposed in an external grove 141 near housing end 142 and the otherring 182 is disposed in an external groove 151 of cap housing 152, cap150 and housing 110 are connected by tether 180 whereby cap 150 is noteasily lost or misplaced when unscrewed from threaded end 142 of housing110. Preferably, rings 182 are sized to move relatively freely withingroves 141, 151, so that cap 150 may easily be removed and installed.

The other end of housing portion 150 has a seat 146 thereat the externalportion of which is for receiving a cover 170 thereon. Cover 170 andseat 146 when assembled provide a groove therebetween in which mountingring 166 of clip 160 is disposed with an O-ring 168, thereby to providea mounting for clip 160 on light body 100, whereby clip 160 may swivelabout housing portion 140, e.g., about central axis 141 thereof. O-ring168 may provide a seal and may provide a friction with mounting ring 166for retaining clip 160 in a position to which it is swivelled. Cover 170may be retained on seat 146 by, e.g., an ultrasonic, thermal or chemicalweld, by an adhesive or by any other suitable fastener. Cover 170 mayhave a vent 172 therein for releasing pressure that may build up withinhousing 110.

Battery compartment elements 300 are disposed within the batterycompartment 302 of light body 100 for providing electrical connectionsfor a battery or batteries of different shapes and sizes therein and forpositioning the battery or batteries of different shapes and sizes inrespective predetermined positions therein. Referring again to FIGS. 2and 3, battery contacts 324, 154 are located at opposite ends of batterycompartment 302 for making electrical contact with the terminals at therespective ends of a battery or batteries that may be placed intobattery compartment 302. Contacts 324, 154 are preferably springcontacts, however, other types of contacts may be employed. Whilecontacts 324, 154 may be configured for accepting a battery or batteriesbeing placed in compartment 302 with either positive end in or negativeend in, it is preferred that the battery or batteries be placed withpositive end in. Thus, battery contact 324 preferably provides anelectrical connection for the terminal at the positive end of thebattery or batteries and battery contact 154 preferably provides anelectrical connection for the terminal at the negative end of thebattery or batteries.

Battery compartment 302 has a diameter D_(L) which is compatible withthe relatively larger diameter of one of the types of cylindricalbattery or batteries intended to be placed therein, and accommodatesbatteries having a range of lengths from a relatively shorter lengthL_(S) to a relatively longer length L_(L). A tubular sleeve 320 isdisposed coaxially at the bottom of compartment 302 so as to provide areduced diameter portion thereat having a relatively smaller diameterD_(S) which is compatible with the relatively smaller diameter ofanother of the types of cylindrical battery or batteries intended to beplaced therein. While sleeve 320 may be retained in housing portion 140by friction, sleeve 320 preferably has a resilient projection 321 thatsnaps outwardly into a recess in the interior surface of housing 140 andcompartment 302 to retain sleeve 320 therein, or sleeve 320 may beretained therein by a weld, adhesive or other suitable fastener.

Interior to sleeve 320 is a contact spring 324. Contact spring 324 ispreferably a “christmas tree” shaped spring having, e.g., a taperedhelical coil 324 a at one end that ends at a relatively diametercompatible with contact ring 312 of contact strip 310 so as to makeelectrical contact therewith and at the other end 324 b, beyond a largerdiameter portion, preferably reduces to a relatively small diameter,e.g., having a relatively flat or short spiral portion, so as to providean electrical contact 324 b to which a terminal at the end of a batterycan make electrical contact.

Contact 324 expands to a length sufficient to contact the terminal atthe end of a relatively larger diameter battery that is near or abutsthe forward end of sleeve 320 and is compressible so as to allowcompartment 302 to accept the length of a battery of relatively smallerdiameter the end of which extends into the reduced diameter portion ofcompartment 302 defined by sleeve 320. Generally, but not necessarily,the battery of relatively larger diameter D_(L) is also the batteryhaving a relatively shorter length L_(S) and the battery of relativelysmaller diameter D_(S) is also the battery having a relatively longerlength L_(L), e.g., as is the case comparing a size CR123 battery and asize AA or AAA battery.

Preferably, but optionally, a cup-shaped polarity ring 322 receives theend 324 b of spring 324 and is movable axially in sleeve 320 andcompartment 302 for adjusting to the length of a battery or batteriesthat may be placed therein. Connection may be made to contact 324through opening 322 h, however, contact 324 preferably does not extendthrough opening 322 h, and so a flat terminal, e.g., a flat end of abattery, placed against polarity ring 322 preferably does not makeelectrical contact with spring 324. Polarity ring 322 is preferablyretained in sleeve 320 by a circular ridge or other feature at the openor forward end thereof and so is inserted into sleeve 320 along withspring 324 before sleeve 320 is inserted into compartment 302.

Polarity ring 322 preferably has a central opening 322 h in therelatively flat circular end thereof that is of a size sufficientlylarge as to permit the relatively smaller diameter of a male endterminal of a battery, such as the male positive terminal of typicalbatteries of the common AA, AAA, C, D, CR123 and CR2 sizes, to entertherein, but is sufficiently small as to not permit the flat end of suchbattery to enter therein. Since a battery inserted in compartment 302 inthe incorrect (reverse of intended) orientation cannot make electricalconnection with contact 324, it cannot connect an opposite polarityvoltage that might damage the electronic circuitry of light 10.

Electrical connection between battery contact 324 and light source 230is provided by a contact strip 310 which includes a conductive strip 314extending from a circular contact ring 312 at one end thereof to a tip316 at the other end thereof. Contact ring 312 is preferably circularand is disposed in seat 146 at the bottom (closed) end of compartment302 of housing 140 at which the end of portion 324 a of contact 324makes electrical contact and tip 316 is connected to light source 230,e.g., by being soldered to circuit board 234.

At the other (open) end of compartment 302, battery ring 156 is disposedcoaxially in tail cap housing 152 to retain spring contact 154 thereinand to provide a reduced diameter seat 157 for an end of a battery incompartment 302. Specifically, battery ring 156 has a cylindrical recess157 of relatively smaller diameter D_(S) in which the circular end of abattery of relatively smaller diameter may rest, or in other words,battery ring 156 has an internal shoulder 157 against which the circularend of such battery may rest. The bottom end of ring 156 is seated in acircular groove in the bottom of cap 152 in which ring 156 is retainedby, e.g., friction, a weld, adhesive or other suitable fastener.

Battery contact 154 includes a contact spring 154 that is preferably adouble concentric coil or “trap” spring 154. Spring 154 preferably hasan inner helical portion 154 a of a relatively smaller diameter and arelatively longer length and preferably has an outer helical portion 154b of a relatively larger diameter and a relatively shorter length Innerportion 154 a extends from a relatively smaller diameter end at whichcontact to the end of a battery is to be made to a relatively largerdiameter section at the bottom of cap 152 which includes a relativelyflat spiral that spirals outward further to the relatively largerdiameter of outer portion 154 b. Battery ring 156 preferably has one ormore notches or openings at the bottom end thereon through which spring154 passes.

Preferably the inner portion 154 a of contact spring 154 is a taperedhelical portion and the relatively larger diameter outer portion is ofsubstantially the same diameter over its length Inner spring portion 154a expands at least as far as the end of battery ring 156, and preferablyslightly farther, so as to be able to make contact with the end of abattery of a relatively larger diameter D_(L) and is compressible atleast as far as shoulder 157 so as to allow the end of a battery ofrelatively smaller diameter D_(S) to seat near to or against shoulder157.

When cap 150 is screwed onto housing 110, e.g., onto threads 142 ofhousing portion 140, outer coil 154 b of battery contact spring 154electrically connects to contact ring 330 which has an end 336 thatconnects to light source 230. Specifically, contact ring 330 has aflared ring 332 that is seated at the circular end 142 of housingportion 140, and has a conductor strip 334 that extends into batterycompartment 302 and through an opening in housing 110 into light sourcecompartment 124 thereof. Tip 336 at the opposite end of conductor strip334 is connected to light source 230, e.g., by being soldered to circuitboard 234.

In addition, clip 160 preferably has a keyhole shaped opening 164 in armmember 162 thereof for attaching light 10 to a mounting post, e.g., asdescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,581,847 entitled “CLIP-ON, CLIP OFFMOUNTING DEVICE, AS FOR A PORTABLE LIGHT,” which is hereby incorporatedherein by reference in its entirety. Housing 110 may include anabsorbent package or pellet 191, e.g., a “de-oxo” pellet, in theinterior thereof for absorbing hydrogen, however, a different or anotherpellet that absorbs moisture or another undesirable substance could beprovided.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the example light 10 with a firsttype of battery (e.g., a type CR123 battery) therein; and FIG. 5 is across-sectional view of the example light 10 with a second differenttype (e.g., a type AA battery) of battery therein. While a singlebattery (or package of cells) is illustrated, compartment 302 may be ofa longer length so as to accommodate plural batteries. It is noted thatinternal details, e.g., of cover 170, its cap 170 c and vent 172therein, of circuit board 234 and light sources 232, 236 and switch 242thereon, of selector 250 and elements 251-259 thereof, and of reflector120 therein, are visible. Resilient switch actuator 251 includes anaxially movable actuator pin 251 p that extends through the center ofshroud 254 to communicate movement of actuator 251 for actuatingelectrical switch 242 on circuit board 234 and to return away fromswitch 242 under bias by spring 251 s.

In FIG. 4, light 10 is illustrated with a size CR123 battery incompartment 302 wherein battery CR123 is of relatively shorter lengthL_(S) and of relatively larger diameter D_(L) thereby to substantiallyfill the diameter D_(L) of compartment 302. The relatively flat ornegative (−) terminal end of battery CR123 is adjacent the end ofbattery ring 156 and the raised center or positive (+) terminal end ofbattery CR123 is adjacent the end of sleeve 320. Polarity ring 322 isbiased by spring 324 to move to the open end of sleeve 320 and both ofspring contacts 154 and 324 are expanded so as to contact the negative(−) and positive (+) terminal ends of battery CR123, respectively.

In FIG. 5, light 10 is illustrated with a size AA battery in compartment302 wherein battery AA is of relatively longer length L_(L) and ofrelatively smaller diameter D_(S) thereby to not substantially fill thediameter D_(L) of compartment 302. The relatively flat or negative (−)terminal end of battery CR123 is in recess 157 of battery ring 156adjacent shoulder 157 thereof and the raised center or positive (+)terminal end of battery AA is in interior of tubular sleeve 320. Thebias of polarity ring 322 by spring 324 is overcome by battery AA tomove polarity ring 322 to a position within the interior of sleeve 320and both of spring contacts 154 and 324 are compressed and contact thenegative (−) and positive (+) terminal ends of battery CR123,respectively.

FIG. 6, separated into parts 6A and 6B, is an electrical schematicdiagram of example electronic circuitry 400 suitable for use with theexample portable light 10. It is noted that the different batteries maynot only be of different sizes and shapes, e.g., a CR123 size and shapeand an AA size and shape, but batteries of those sizes and shapestypically are of different types, e.g., different internal chemistries,and so produce different terminal voltages. For example, CR123 batteriestypically employ a lithium chemistry and produce about 3 volts whenfresh whereas AA and AAA batteries typically employ a carbon-zinc,alkaline, Ni—Cd or Ni-MH chemistry and produce about 1.2-1.5 volts. Asany of those batteries are discharged in use, the voltage they producetends to decrease until it reaches such a low voltage, e.g., about0.5-0.8 volts, at which the battery lacks sufficient energy to operatelight 10 or at which light 10 and/or the circuitry thereof is unable tooperate.

To accommodate a range of voltages produced by different types ofbatteries, light 10 preferably includes electronic circuitry 400 thatcan receive and operate over a range of input (e.g., battery B)voltages, e.g., a range of about 0.5-0.9 to about 3.5 volts, and thatcan transform a voltage in that range to a preferred output voltage,e.g., in a range of about 2.5-4.3 volts, suitable for operating lightsource 230 at a desired operating condition, typically at a desiredcurrent level. Typically such electronic circuitry 400 is disposed on anelectronic circuit board, e.g., on electronic circuit board 234,contained within light 10.

Electronic circuitry 400 may include, e.g., a controller 410, a powerconditioning circuit 420, a selector detection and decoding circuit 440,a light source selection and current controlling circuit 460 and anON/OFF signaling circuit 480. Controller 410 is preferably an integratedcircuit U4 that includes processing for controlling and operating light10 and a memory for storing instructions for controlling and operatinglight 10, e.g., software instructions. Integrated circuit U4 preferablyis a digital processor, such as a microprocessor, that receives signalsat several of its terminals, that processes those received signals inaccordance with software instructions stored in its memory, and thatprovides controlling signals at others of its terminals for controllingelectronic circuits connected thereto that control and operate, e.g.,power conditioner 420, light source 230, selector detector 440, andcurrent control 460.

A user or operator of light 10 controls the operation of light 10 byactuating a switch S1, e.g., of an ON/OFF signaling circuit 480.Instructions from the operator or user of light 10 are provided tocontroller 410 via ON/OFF signaling circuit 480 that includes a useractuated switch S1, e.g., the switch 240 that is actuated using selectoractuator 251, to signal input RA2 of controller 410. Voltage transientsuppression diode TV1, e.g., typically back-to-back Zener diodes oranother voltage limiting device, is connected to voltage VDD throughresistor R12 so that voltage VDD is applied to terminal RA2 ofcontroller 410, U4 which voltage is reduced to about zero when normallyopen switch S1, 240 is actuated to become closed.

Switch S1, 240 may be actuated one or more times and/or for varioustimes and durations for signaling a desired operating condition. Forexample, a single momentary actuation may be employed to turn light 100Nif it is OFF and to turn light 10 OFF if it is ON. For example, a longeractuation may be employed to turn light 100N and the duration of theactuation may be detected by controller 410, U4, e.g., for adjusting thebrightness of light source 230, and a sequence of momentary actuationsmay be employed to signal controller 410, U4 to cause light source 230to operate in a blinking mode or in a flashing mode or in a strobe mode,or in another desired mode.

Power conditioning 420 may include a DC-DC voltage boosting andregulating circuit 420, U3 that produces controlled output voltages VDDand Vo from the input voltage B+ from battery B (B− may be referred toas ground). In power conditioning circuit 420, power from battery B isconditioned (e.g., boosted in voltage) by a transistor switch withinintegrated circuit U3 (e.g., between terminals SW and PGND) that isoperated in a pulse-width modulated (PWM) manner in conjunction withinductor L1, diode D6 and capacitors C2-C4, under regulating control ofintegrated circuit U3. Typically integrated circuit U3 includes aninternal reference against which the output voltage VDD feed back signal“2.2V REG EN” is compared by integrated circuit U3 to control the levelof output voltage VDD and capacitor C1 provides filtering thereof. ThePWM switching frequency typically is a relatively high frequency, e.g.,a frequency in the range of about 450-750 KHz, and may be set by anoscillator within power integrated circuit U3.

The voltage boosting circuit provided by power control integratedcircuit U3 and its associated electronic components L1, D6, C2-C4preferably operates in different modes when light 10 is on and whenlight 10 is OFF. The voltage regulating operating mode of U3 when light10 is OFF is described first, and the current regulating operating modeof U3 when light 10 is ON and light source 230 provides light isdescribed thereafter.

When light 10 is OFF, power conditioner 420 operates as a voltageboosting voltage regulator to provide a controlled output voltage VDDfor powering controller 410, U4 in a standby mode wherein light source230, selector detector 440 and current control 460 are turned OFF so asto reduce power consumption, i.e. the drain on battery B, when light 10is OFF. Integrated circuit U3 senses output voltage VDD and receivesvoltage feedback “2.2V REG EN” via resistor voltage divider R9, R10, R11(U4 output RB6 is open, or a high impedance). Power control integratedcircuit U3 compares the output voltage VDD feed back signal 2.2V REG ENapplied to its feedback input FB against its internal reference (e.g.,typically about 0.5 volts) to control the level of output voltage VDDand capacitor C1 provides filtering thereof. Because the current control460 is OFF, the current feedback signal “L CURRENT” is zero andintegrated circuit U3 operates in a voltage regulating mode. Preferably,power control integrated circuit U3 is configured to limit Vo to adesired upper limit when the input voltage B+ exceeds a desired outputvoltage Vo.

Because power control integrated circuit U3 and controller 410integrated circuit U4 are continuously powered by battery B, even whenlight 10 is OFF, circuits U3 and U4 preferably have a very low currentdrain so as not to substantially drain battery B, especially duringperiods of non-use of light 10. To this end, circuits not needed whenlight 10 is OFF, e.g., selector detector 440 and current control 460,are not powered at such times. Further, controller 410 may preferably beprogrammed into a “standby” or “powered down” or “sleep” state whereinonly the portions thereof that are necessary, e.g., to detect a usercommand from switch 480, are powered, and unnecessary portions, e.g.,the clock, are OFF. In the example embodiment, input RA2 of controllerU4, 410 is a “wake-up” or “interrupt on change” input which responds toa change in the voltage at its input to wake controller U4 out of itssleep or standby mode and return it to normal operation. Other portionsof circuit 400 are also unpowered during standby, e.g., to reducecurrent drain, and may be powered in normal operation at a low dutycycle, e.g., at an about 10 percent (10%) duty cycle, so as to be ableto perform their intended function while reducing current drain.

When light 10 is ON, power conditioner 420 operates as a voltageboosting current regulator to provide a controlled current in theselected one of LEDs D1-D4 of light source 230 which operate from powerconditioner 420 output voltage Vo. In this mode, controller U4, 410output RB6 goes to ground (e.g., B−) to disable the voltage feedback viaresistors R9-R11 thereby to allow integrated circuit U3 to respond tothe current feedback signal L CURRENT so as to operate as a currentregulator. In this mode, the output voltage Vo is controlled to a valuethat produces the desired current flow in the selected one of LEDs D1-D4and Vo is typically in the range of about 1.2-4.3 volts.

LED selection and current control circuit 460 is described below,however, for simplification of the light source selection function inthe context of LED current regulation, FET transistors Q1-Q3 and U1A aresimply ON/OFF transistor switches one of which is on at any given timeto select its associated LED D1-D4, and so the selected LED D1-D4 issimply connected from Vo to ground via a current sensing resistor,either R1 or R3, of relatively low ohmic value. The voltage developedacross current sensing resistor R1 or R3 by the current flowing in theselected LED is amplified by amplifier U2 to develop current feedbacksignal L CURRENT which is applied to the feedback input FB of integratedcircuit U3 which varies the PWM duty cycle to adjust Vo either higher ifthe LED current is too low or lower if the LED current is too high,thereby to regulate the LED current to the desired value.

Optionally, but preferably, integrated circuit U3 may also include aninternal voltage limiting function that limits output voltage Vo to aselectable predetermined voltage, e.g., a voltage Vo that is about 5.5volts, when the input voltage, e.g., battery voltage B+, is higher thanis the desired output voltage Vo. This may be provided by a synchronousrectifier employing a field-effect transistor (FET) which operates as asynchronous rectifier when integrated circuit U3 is operating in voltageboosting mode and as a series-pass transistor element when batteryvoltage B+ exceeds the desired maximum output voltage Vo.

Selector detection and decoding section 440 comprises a opto-electronicdetector 444 comprising two pairs D7, Q5 and D8, Q6 of opticalphoto-emitters D7, D8 and optical photo-detectors Q5, Q6 wherein thephoto-emitters produce light that is reflected or not reflected, or isreflected to a predetermined greater or lesser degree, by reflectivesurfaces of selector 250 indicative of the position to which selector250 is rotated. Resistors R15, R16 connect to voltage VDD to determineand control the current flowing in photo-emitters D7, D8, respectively,to cause them to emit light. FET transistor Q7 preferably is operated asan ON/OFF switch responsive to the control signal applied to its controlterminal (e.g., gate) from terminal RC4 of controller U4 so thattransistor Q7 is ON when light 10 is ON and is OFF when light 10 is OFF,thereby to reduce the current consumed by selector detector 444substantially to zero when light 10 is OFF to reduce the current drainon battery B.

The light produced by photo-emitters D5, D8 that is reflected or not isdetected by photo-detectors Q5, Q6 to produce across resistors R13 andR14 signals RIGHT SENSOR IN and LEFT SENSOR IN which are indicative ofthe rotational position of selector 250. Signals RIGHT SENSOR IN andLEFT SENSOR IN are applied at terminals RC0 and RC7 of controller U4,410 and are decoded 448 within controller integrated circuit U4 forselecting the one of LEDs D1-D4 (corresponding to LEDs 232, 236) thatcorresponds to the light source indicated by the rotational position ofselector 250.

While transistor Q7 may simply be utilized as a switch for controllingthe level of current flowing in selector detector 444, transistor Q7 mayadditionally be utilized to control a time sequencing of detector 444wherein detector 444 is enabled periodically for only a short period oftime, e.g., by output RC4 going high for about 0.1 milliseconds, over alonger time period, e.g., about 1.0 milliseconds, when light 10 isoperated, e.g., when light source 230 is turned ON for producing light,thereby to substantially reduce the power consumed by detector 444during times when light 10 is operated, thereby to extend the usefullife of battery B.

Preferably, controller 410 performs a decoding function 448 for enablinga predetermined one of light sources D1-D4 (232, 236) responsive to thecombined states of selector detector 444 output signals RIGHT SENSOR INand LEFT SENSOR IN, i.e. one of LEDs 232, 236 is selected for eachposition of selector 250. With two detector signals each having twostates, e.g., a high state and a low state, there are four possiblecombinations each corresponding to a predetermined one of the four lightsources 232, 236 of example light source 230. An enabling signal relatedto the decoded 448 state output is applied via the one of terminals RC2,RB5, RC5 and RA0 that correspond to the selected LED D1-D4,respectfully, for controlling one of FET transistor switches Q1, Q2, Q3and the upper transistor U1A of integrated transistors U1 to turn ON forenergizing that selected one of LEDs D1-D4, respectively, of lightsource 230. In some instances, an LED, e.g., D1, may operate at asubstantially lower voltage than other LEDS, e.g., D2-D4, and so a diodeD5 may be provided is series with LED D1.

Controller 410 further selects 448 a current level corresponding to thedesired operating current for the selected one of LEDs D1-D4 to beapplied to that selected LED. Preferably and typically, LED 232 is ahigher power LED than are the three LEDs 236 and so is operated at arelatively higher current, and the current level selection feature mayinclude two aspects: One aspect can be considered to be a rangeselection and the other aspect can be considered to be a level selectionwithin the selected range. In addition, LEDs D1-D3 typically aredifferent, e.g., they produce light at different frequencies (i.e. atdifferent colors) and so different operating characteristics and areoperated at different current levels. For example, in one embodiment,LEDs D1-D4 produce infrared (IR), red, blue and white light,respectively and in other embodiments any of LEDs D1-D3 may be an LEDthat produces green light. As a result different embodiments of light 10are easily made wherein the LEDs D1-D4 thereof may produce IR, red, blueand white light, or may produce green, red, blue and white light, or mayproduce IR, green, blue and white light, or may produce IR, red, greenand white light, responsive to the rotational position of selector 250.

Range selection may be effected by selecting among current sensingresistors of different values, e.g., wherein resistor R1 has arelatively higher resistance thereby to select a lower current range ata given (feedback) voltage there across and resistor R3 has a relativelylower resistance thereby to select a higher current range at a given(feedback) voltage there across. First, level select 452 of controllerU4 generates a range signal HIGH SELECT at terminal RA1 to causetransistor U1B to turn ON (FET Q 4 is turned OFF) thereby to selectresistor R3 and a higher current range and generates a range signal LOWSELECT at terminal RA5 to cause transistor Q4 to turn ON (FET U1B isturned OFF) thereby to select resistor R1 and a lower current range.Resistor R2 buffers current sensing resistor R1 so that it is not bypassed by the lower resistance of sensing resistor R3 with FET Q4 turnedZ.

Level select 452 of controller 410 also generates a PWR ENABLE signal atterminal RC1 for powering feedback amplifier integrated circuit U2 whenlight 10 is ON thereby to enable the current feedback amplifier providedby circuit U2 to generate current feedback signal L CURRENT. Controller410 may include a non-inverting voltage-follower amplifier OP1 forproviding isolation between the output of amplifier U2 and input FB ofpower control circuit U3. Capacitors C5 and C6 shape the gain versusfrequency characteristics of amplifier U2 for stability. Level select452 also generates feedback gain controlling signals at terminals RA4,RB4 when light 10 is ON to insert and remove resistors R4 and R5 fromthe gain controlling network R6, R7 connected between the output andinverting input of amplifier U2, thereby to control the gain ofnon-inverting amplifier U2 and therefore the level to which the LEDcurrent is regulated within the selected range.

If selector 250 is decoded 448 to select the high current LED 232, D4,then controller 410 generates a level select 452 signal HIGH SELECT atterminal RA1 that enables (turns ON) the lower transistor U1B ofintegrated transistors U1 and generates a level select 452 signal LOWSELECT at terminal RA5 that disables (turns OFF) transistor Q4. Whentransistor U1B of integrated transistors U1 is enabled and transistor Q4is disabled, the current flowing in the selected higher current LED 232,D4 is sensed by a relatively lower resistance resistor R3 so as tocontrol the LED current to a relatively higher value, e.g., selecting arelatively higher range.

If selector 250 is decoded 448 to select one of the lower current LEDs236, D1-D3, then controller 410 generates a level select 452 signal LOWSELECT at terminal RA5 that enables (turns ON) transistor Q4 andgenerates a level select 452 signal HIGH SELECT that disables (turnsOFF) transistor U1B of integrated transistors U1. When transistor Q4 isenabled and transistor U1B is disabled, the current flowing in theselected LED D1-D4 is sensed by a relatively higher resistance resistorR1 so as to control the LED current to a relatively lower value, e.g., arelatively lower range.

Preferably, feedback control of the current flowing in the selected LEDD1-D4 is realized as follows. Preferably selection transistors Q1, Q2,Q3, U1A are operated as FET transistor switches, with one being ON andthe others being OFF in accordance with the selected 440 one of the LEDsD1-D4 to be energized, and control of the current is effected bycontrolling the voltage Vo generated by power conditioner 420 which isapplied at the respective anodes of LEDs D1-D4. LED current flows fromvoltage bus Vo through the selected LED D1-D4 and its selectiontransistor Q1, Q2, Q3, U1A into the selected current sensing resistorR1, R3 to the return at battery negative B−.

The selected one of LED D1-D4 current is sensed by the selected one ofcurrent sensing resistors R1, R3 and the voltage developed there acrossis applied to the non-inverting (+) input terminal of feedback amplifierU2, via resistor R2 in the case of sensing resistor R3. The gain ofamplifier U2 is determined by the resistors R4, R5, R6 and by resistorR7 connected between its output terminal and its inverting (−) inputterminal, wherein resistors R6, R7 set a fixed gain which can bemodified by controller 410 connecting and disconnecting resistors R5, R4via terminals RA4, RB4, respectively. The signal generated by amplifierU2 at its output terminal is representative of the LED current and isapplied as feedback signal L CURRENT to input FB of power controller U3for controlling the voltage level at its voltage output Vo, thereby tocontrol the current flowing in the selected LED D1-D4.

FIG. 7, separated into parts 7A and 7B, is an electrical schematicdiagram of alternative example electronic circuitry 400′ suitable foruse with the example portable light 10. Electronic circuitry 400′ issimilar to circuitry 400 described above and so its description will beabbreviated because one of ordinary skill in the art will understandcircuitry 400′ from the description of circuitry 400. Electroniccircuitry 400′ also operates over a range of input (e.g., battery B)voltages, e.g., a range of about 0.5-0.9 to about 3.5 volts, and cantransform a voltage in that range to a preferred output voltage, e.g.,in a range of about 2.5-4.3 volts, suitable for operating light source230 at a desired operating condition, and may be disposed on anelectronic circuit board, e.g., on electronic circuit board 234,contained within light 10.

Electronic circuitry 400′ may include, e.g., a controller 410′, a powerconditioning circuit 420′, a selector detection and decoding circuit440, a light source selection and current controlling circuit 460′ andan ON/OFF signaling circuit 480. Controller U5, 410′ is preferably anintegrated circuit controller as above that provides controlling signalsat its terminals for controlling electronic circuits connected thereto,e.g., power conditioner 420′, light source 230′, selector detector 440′,and current control 460′.

A user or operator of light 10 controls the operation of light 10 byactuating a switch S1, e.g., of an ON/OFF signaling circuit 480, tosignal at input RB5 of controller 410′, as above. Switch S1, 240 may beactuated one or more times and/or for various times and durations forsignaling a desired operating condition, as above.

Power conditioning 420′ may include a DC-DC voltage boosting andregulating circuit 420′ including power control integrated circuits U2and U4 that respectively produce controlled output voltages VDD and Vofrom the input voltage B+ from battery B. In power conditioning circuit420′, power from battery B is conditioned (e.g., boosted in voltage) bytransistor switches within integrated circuit U2 and U4 (e.g., betweenterminals SW and GND, and terminals LX and GND). The transistor switchwithin integrated circuit U2 is operated in a pulse-width modulated(PWM) manner in conjunction with inductor L1, a diode internal to U2 andcapacitor C7, under regulating control of integrated circuit U2, and thetransistor switch within integrated circuit U4 is operated in a PWMmanner in conjunction with inductor L2, a diode internal to U4 andcapacitor C6, under regulating control of integrated circuit U4.

Typically integrated circuits U2 and U4 each includes an internalreference against which a feed back signal is compared by integratedcircuits U2, U4 to control the level of the output voltage or currentthat it is controlling and capacitor C4 provides filtering of batteryvoltage B+. The PWM switching frequency typically is a relatively highfrequency, e.g., a frequency in the range of about 450-750 KHz, and maybe set by an oscillator within power integrated circuit U3.

The voltage boosting circuits provided by power control integratedcircuits U2 and U4 and their associated external electronic componentsL1, L2, C6, C7 preferably operate in different modes. Integrated circuitU2 operates in a voltage regulating operating mode irrespective ofwhether light 10 is ON or OFF and is described first, and integratedcircuit U4 operates in a current regulating operating mode only whenlight 10 is ON and light source 230 provides light and is describedthereafter.

Optionally, each of power control integrated circuits U2 and U4 may alsoinclude an internal voltage limiting function that limits its outputvoltage, e.g., VDD and Vo, respectively, to a selectable predeterminedvoltage when the input voltage, e.g., battery voltage B+, is higher thanis the desired output voltage VDD, Vo, although this feature is notutilized in the preferred form of this particular embodiment. This maybe provided by a synchronous rectifier employing a field-effecttransistor (FET) which operates as a synchronous rectifier whenintegrated circuit U2, U4 is operating in voltage boosting mode and as aseries-pass transistor element when battery voltage B+ exceeds thedesired maximum output voltage.

Integrated circuit U2 of power conditioner 420′ operates as a voltageboosting voltage regulator to provide a controlled output voltage VDDfor powering controller 410′, U5 in a standby mode when light 10 is OFFwherein light source 230, selector detector 440 and current control 460′are turned OFF so as to reduce power consumption, i.e. the drain onbattery B, when light 10 is OFF, and in the same manner when light 10and light source 230, selector detector 440′ and current control 460′are turned ON. Integrated circuit U2 senses output voltage VDD andreceives voltage feedback via resistor voltage divider R5, R6. Powercontrol integrated circuit U2 compares the output voltage VDD feed backsignal applied to its feedback input VFB against its internal reference(e.g., typically about 1.2 volts) to control the level of output voltageVDD and capacitor C7 provides filtering thereof. Typically, VDD may beabout 2.5 volts.

Because power control integrated circuit U2 and controller 410′integrated circuit U5 are continuously powered by battery B, even whenlight 10 is OFF, circuits U2 and U5 preferably have a very low currentdrain so as not to substantially drain battery B, especially duringperiods of non-use of light 10. To this end, circuits not needed whenlight 10 is OFF, e.g., selector detector 440 and current control 460′,are not powered as such times. Further, controller 410′ may preferablybe programmed into a “standby” or “powered down” state and/or at a lowduty cycle, as above.

When light 10 is ON, power control integrated circuit U4 of powerconditioner 420′ operates as a voltage boosting current regulator toprovide a controlled current in the selected one of LEDs D1-D4 of lightsource 230 which operate from power conditioner 420′ output voltage Vo.In this ON mode, controller U5, 410′ generates at output RCS a signalIREG EN that enables integrated circuit U4 by releasing its terminal ENfrom ground (e.g., B−) to operate and respond to current feedback signalL CURRENT so as to operate as a current regulator. In this mode, outputvoltage Vo is controlled to a value that produces the desired current inthe selected one of LEDs D1-D4 and is typically in the range of about1.2-4.3 volts.

LED selection and current control circuit 460′ is described below,however, for simplification of the light source selection function inthe context of LED current regulation, FET transistors Q1-Q3 and U1A aresimply ON/OFF transistor switches one of which is on at any given timeto select its associated LED D1-D4, and so the selected LED D1-D4 issimply connected from Vo to ground via a current sensing resistor,either R2 or R4, of relatively low ohmic value. The voltage developedacross current sensing resistor R2 or R4 by the current flowing in theselected LED is amplified by amplifier U3 to develop current feedbacksignal L CURRENT which is applied to the feedback input FB of integratedcircuit U4 which varies the PWM duty cycle to adjust Vo either higher ifthe LED current is too low or lower if the LED current is too high,thereby to regulate the LED current to the desired value, as above.

Selector detection and decoding section 440 comprises a opto-electronicdetector 444 comprising two pairs D5, Q6 and D6, Q7 of opticalphoto-emitters D5, D6 and optical photo-detectors Q6, Q7 wherein thephoto-emitters produce light that is reflected or not reflected, byreflective surfaces of selector 250 indicative of the position thereof,as above. Resistors R14, R15 connect to voltage VDD to determine andcontrol the current flowing in photo-emitters D5, D6, respectively, tocause them to emit light. FET transistor Q8 preferably is operated as anON/OFF switch responsive to the control signal applied to its controlterminal (e.g., gate) from terminal RB7 of controller U5 so thattransistor Q8 is ON when light 10 is ON and is OFF when light 10 is OFF,as above.

The light produced by photo-emitters D5, D6 that is detected byphoto-detectors Q6, Q7 produces across resistors R12 and R13 signalsRIGHT SENSOR IN and LEFT SENSOR IN which are indicative of therotational position of selector 250. Signals RIGHT SENSOR IN and LEFTSENSOR IN are applied at terminals RC0 and RB6 of controller U5, 410′and are decoded 448 thereby for selecting one of LEDs D1-D4 (LEDs 232,236) as above.

Transistor Q8 may simply be utilized as a switch or may additionally beutilized to control a time sequencing of detector 444, as above.

Preferably, controller 410′ performs a decoding function 448 forenabling a predetermined one of light sources D1-D4 (232, 236)responsive to the combined states of selector detector 444 outputsignals RIGHT SENSOR IN and LEFT SENSOR IN, i.e. one of LEDs 232, 236 isselected for each position of selector 250, as above. An enabling signalrelated to the decoded 448 state output is applied via the one ofterminals RC6, RA2, RC7 and RA0 that corresponds to the selected one ofLEDs D1-D4, respectfully, for controlling one of FET transistor switchesQ1, Q2, Q3 and the upper transistor U1A, as above.

In some instances, one or more LEDs, e.g., D1-D3, may operate at asubstantially lower voltage than the voltage B+ provided by battery B,and so the current for LEDs D1-D4 may be controlled by a transistor Q4that may be provided is series with LEDs D1-D4 for controlling the levelof current flowing through LEDs D1-D4 responsive to a feedback signalLDO. When the battery voltage B+ exceeds the voltage needed to operatethe selected one of LEDs D1-D4, then FET Q4 is operated in a linear(analog) mode for controlling the level of current flowing through LEDsD1-D4 responsive to a feedback signal LDO. When the battery voltage B+is less than that needed to operate the selected LED D1-D4 and so powercontrol U4 is operated in a voltage boosting mode, then FET Q4 is turnedfully ON as a switch by signal LDO and control of the current flowing inthe selected LED D1-D4 is controlled by power control U4 responsive tothe current feedback signal L CURRENT. Feedback signal LDO is producedby controller U5, 410′ responsive to the current feedback signal LCURRENT produced by amplifier U3 and received at terminal RC2 ofcontroller U5 which includes a comparator for generating signal LDO.Resistor R1 and capacitor C1 decrease gain at higher frequencies forstability.

Controller 410′ further selects 448 a current level corresponding to thedesired operating current for the selected one of LEDs D1-D4, e.g., toaccommodate higher and lower power LEDs and provide range selection andlevel selection as above. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, asin circuit 400 above, different embodiments of light 10 are easily madewherein the LEDs D1-D4 thereof may produce IR, red, blue and whitelight, or may produce green, red, blue and white light, or may produceIR, green, blue and white light, or may produce IR, red, green and whitelight, responsive to the rotational position of selector 250.

Range selection may be effected by selecting among current sensingresistors of different values, e.g., wherein resistor R2 has arelatively higher resistance and resistor R4 has a relatively lowerresistance, as above. Level select 452 of controller U5 generates arange signal HIGH SELECT at terminal RA1 and a range signal LOW SELECTat terminal RA5 to cause transistors Q4 and U1B to turn ON and OFFthereby to select one of resistors R2 and R4 as above. Resistor R3buffers current sensing resistor R2 when FET Q4 is turned ON as above.

Level select 452 of controller 410′ also generates a PWR ENABLE signalat terminal RC1 for powering feedback amplifier integrated circuit U3for generating current feedback signal L CURRENT as above. Controller410′ may include a non-inverting voltage-follower amplifier forproviding isolation between amplifier U3 and control circuit U4 asabove. Capacitors C2 and C3 shape the gain versus frequencycharacteristics of amplifier U3 for stability. Level select 452 alsogenerates gain controlling signals at terminals RA4, RB4 when light 10is ON to insert and remove resistors R7 and R8 from the gain controllingnetwork R9, R10, thereby to control the level to which the LED currentis regulated as above.

If selector 250 is decoded 448 to select the high current LED 232, D4,then controller 410′ (e.g., level select 452) generates a signal HIGHSELECT at terminal RA1 and a signal LOW SELECT at terminal RA5 thatdisable and enable (turns OFF and ON) transistors U1B and Q5 similarlyto transistors U1B and Q4 above, and a signal LDO at terminal RC4 thatgoes low to disable (turn OFF) transistor Q4. When transistor U1B isenabled and transistors Q4, Q5 are disabled, the current flowing in theselected higher current LED 232, D4 is sensed by a relatively lowerresistance resistor R4 as above.

If selector 250 is decoded 448 to select one of the lower current LEDs236, D1-D3, then controller 410′ (e.g., level select 452) generatessignals LOW SELECT and HIGH SELECT that enables transistor Q4 anddisables transistor U1B, and the current flowing in the selected LEDD1-D4 is sensed by a relatively higher resistance R2 as above.

Preferably, feedback control of the current flowing in the selected LEDD1-D4 is realized as above with selection transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, U1Aoperated as FET switches, with one being ON and the others being OFF inaccordance with the selected 440 one of the LEDs D1-D4 to be energized,and control of the current is effected by controlling the voltage Vogenerated by power control U4 of power conditioner 420′ as above.

The selected one of LED D1-D4 current is sensed by the selected one ofcurrent sensing resistors R1, R3 and the voltage developed there acrossis applied to the non-inverting (+) input terminal of feedback amplifierU3, via resistor R3 in the case of sensing resistor R4. The gain ofamplifier U3 is determined by the resistors R7, R8, R9 and by resistorR10 connected between its output terminal and its inverting (−) inputterminal, that may be modified by controller 410′ connecting anddisconnecting resistors R7, R8 via terminals RB4, RA4, respectively, asabove. The signal generated by amplifier U2 is representative of LEDcurrent and is applied as feedback signal L CURRENT to input FB of powercontroller U3 for controlling the voltage level at its voltage outputVo, thereby to control the current flowing in the selected LED D1-D4, asabove.

It is noted that because the transistors connected in series with and inlight source 230, e.g., in series with LEDs D1-D4, (232, 236), andcurrent control 460, 460′ are utilized as ON/OFF switches and becausethe current sensing resistors are of small ohmic value, those electronicelements dissipate only a small amount of power, and so with powerconditioner 420, 420′ operating in a current regulating mode with itoutput voltage Vo being allowed to vary as needed to establish thedesired current in LEDs D1-D4, (232, 236), circuit 400, 400′ tends tooperate at or close to an optimum efficiency condition. Moreover,because the current flowing in the selected one of LEDs D1-D4, (232,236) is individually established and controlled, the value of thatcurrent may be selected to tend to optimize or nearly optimize operationof the LEDs, e.g., for brightness level and/or for operating efficiency.Accordingly, the operating time obtainable from a particular batteryalso tends to be extended, if not be optimized.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an example embodiment of a circuit formeasuring a voltage. The voltage to be measured, e.g., the batteryvoltage B+, is applied to an input of controller 410 which determinesthe magnitude of the applied voltage B+. Where the applied voltage B+may be significantly greater than the voltage VDD that powers controller410, a voltage divider including resistors R16, R17 may be employed toreduce the magnitude of voltage applied to input RAX of controller 410.Alternatively, the magnitude of voltage VDD may be increased, e.g., fromabout 2.5 volts to about 3 volts where the battery voltage B+ is about3.5 volts or less, and voltage divider may be removed, e.g., byreplacing resistor R16 by a conductor and resistor R17 by an opencircuit.

The voltage to be measured, e.g., battery voltage B+, whether applieddirectly or reduced by resistive voltage divider R16, R17, is measuredand compared to a target value for determining the type of batteryinstalled in light or device 10. In a digital controller 410, thebattery voltage B+ is applied to an analog-to-digital converter ADCincluded in controller 410 which converts voltage B+ to a digital signalwhich is then compared digitally to a predetermined digital target valuefor determining whether the magnitude of voltage B+ is greater or lessthan the pre-determined target value. The result of that comparison maythen be employed by controller 410 for establishing and/or modifying anoperating condition of the light 10 or other device controlled thereby.In a light 10, the operating condition established and/or modified mayinclude the operating point of any one or more of the LEDs comprisinglight source 230, e.g., the current level flowing therein.

In FIG. 8, the digital comparison function, which is performed usingsoftware programming, is represented symbolically by a dashed“comparator” COMP making a comparison with a reference magnitude REF.Typically, the analog-to-digital converter ADC of a typical controllerIC 410 is capable of resolving voltage differences on the order of about3-5 millivolts which is adequate for the described detection.

FIG. 9 includes FIGS. 9A and 9B which are schematic flow diagrams forexample embodiments of a method 500, 500′ for measuring a voltage andfor responding thereto. In a light or device 10, not only may batteriesof different sizes and different shapes be accommodated in compartment302 of housing 110, but also batteries of different types, e.g., ofdifferent internal chemistries that provide different battery voltagesand that have different energy storage capacities. It may beadvantageous for light or device 10 to distinguish between the differenttypes of batteries placed into light or device 10 so as to establish anoperating condition thereof and/or to modify an operating conditionthereof.

For example, batteries employing a lithium chemistry provide a voltageof about 3.0-3.2 volts per cell whereas batteries employing an alkalinechemistry provide a voltage of about 1.5 volts and those employing aNi—Cd chemistry provide a voltage of about 1.0-1.2 volts. Becauselithium chemistry batteries have a greater energy storage capacity thando either alkaline or Ni—Cd chemistry batteries of the same physicalsize, a light merely operating its light source at a given operatingcondition will consume an alkaline or Ni—Cd battery much more quicklythan it would a lithium battery.

Where the operating time, e.g., run time, with different types ofbatteries are all relatively long, e.g., where one type of batteryprovides a four hour run time and a different battery provides a fivehour run time, the difference may not be important to a user of thelight or device 10. However, where one type of battery provides asubstantial run time, e.g., a three and one-half hour run time, and adifferent type of battery provides a much shorter run time, e.g., athirty minute run time, the difference may be important to a user and,in certain situations, e.g., use by police, fire fighters or themilitary, the difference may even be critical for safety and/orprotection of life.

Method 500 of FIG. 9A may be employed for distinguishing betweenbatteries of two different chemistries placed into battery compartment302 of light 10. Examples include distinguishing between batteries of athree-volt lithium chemistry, e.g., a CR123 battery, and of an alkalinechemistry, e.g., a 1.5 volt AA or AAA alkaline battery, or betweenbatteries of a three-volt lithium chemistry, e.g., a CR123 battery, andof a Ni—Cd chemistry, e.g., an 1.2 volt AA size Ni—Cd battery. When abattery is installed 510 in light 10, e.g., is placed in compartment 302thereof, its voltage VBATT is measured 520 and is compared 530 to apredetermined level, e.g., about 2.0 volts for distinguishing between alithium battery and an alkaline battery.

If the result of comparison 530 is that VBATT is greater than thepredetermined value, then path Y is followed from comparison 530 becausethe battery is a type “L” battery, e.g., a lithium battery. Since thebattery is of a type having a relatively greater energy storagecapacity, light 10 may be operated at a preferred operating condition,e.g., operating light source 230 at a higher brightness level, and stillprovide a satisfactory run time. The operating condition of light 10 maybe set 570 to a predetermined operating condition, e.g., setting anoperating load current level L for light source 230 or other load thatcorresponds to, e.g., a higher brightness level.

If the result of comparison 530 is that VBATT is less than thepredetermined value, then path N is followed from comparison 530 becausethe battery is a type “A” battery, e.g., an alkaline battery. Since thebattery is of a type having a relatively smaller energy storagecapacity, light 10 may be operated at a different preferred operatingcondition, e.g., operating light source 230 at a lower brightness level,so as to still provide a satisfactory run time which may be, however,less than that obtainable from a type L battery. The operating conditionof light 10 may be set 560 to a different predetermined operatingcondition, e.g., setting a relatively lower operating load current levelA for light source 230 or other load that corresponds to, e.g., a lowerbrightness level, thereby to obtain a longer run time than wouldotherwise be obtainable from a battery of type A if light or device 10were to be operated at the higher load current L.

Whichever operating condition is selected and set 560, 570, an indictionof that condition, e.g., load current L or load current A, is stored 580in the memory of controller 410 so as to be available for controllingthe operation condition of light or device 10 when it is ON. Method 500is complete with light or device 10 continuing 590 in normal operation,e.g., responding to commands received via selector 250 and switch 251,242, S1 from time to time.

It is noted that method 500 is performed only when a battery is placedinto the battery compartment 302 thereof and method 500 does not turnlight or device 100N, but method 500 does set the operating conditionunder which light or device 10 will operate when it is commanded by auser. The operating condition set 560, 570 remains stored 580 until thebattery is removed from compartment 302 at which time operating voltageVdd is removed from controller 410 which turns OFF until it initializeswhen a battery is placed in compartment 302 thereby to initiate method500.

Method 500′ of FIG. 9B may be employed for distinguishing betweenbatteries of three different types placed into battery compartment 302of light 10. Examples include distinguishing between batteries of athree volt lithium chemistry, e.g., a CR123 battery, of a 1.0-1.5 voltalkaline or Ni—Cd chemistry, e.g., an AA or AAA alkaline or Ni—Cdbattery, and of a 1.5 volt lithium chemistry, e.g., an AA size lithiumbattery. When a battery is installed 510 in light 10, e.g., is placed incompartment 302 thereof, its voltage VBATT-1 is measured 520 and iscompared 530 to a predetermined level, e.g., about 2.0 volts fordistinguishing between a 3 volt lithium battery and a 1.5 volt batteryof alkaline, Ni—Cd or lithium chemistry.

If the result of comparison 530 is that VBATT-1 is greater than thepredetermined value, then path Y is followed from comparison 530 becausethe battery is a type “L” battery, e.g., a CR123 lithium battery thatprovides about 3.0-3.2 volts. Since the battery is of a type having arelatively greater energy storage capacity, light 10 may be operated ata preferred operating condition, e.g., operating light source 230 at ahigher brightness level, and still provide a satisfactory run time. Theoperating condition of light 10 may be set 580 to a predeterminedoperating condition, e.g., setting a higher operating load current levelILOAD L for light source 230 or other load that corresponds to, e.g., ahigher brightness level.

If the result of comparison 530 is that VBATT is less than thepredetermined value, then path N is followed from comparison 530 becausethe battery is a type “A” or a type “N” battery, e.g., an alkaline orNi—Cd battery or a 1.5 volt lithium battery. Since the battery may be ofa type having a relatively smaller energy storage capacity, furtherprocessing 540, 550 is required so as to determine whether light 10 maybe operated at a preferred operating condition or at a differentpreferred operating condition, e.g., operating light source 230 at alower brightness level, so as to still provide a satisfactory run timewhich may be, however, less than that obtainable from a type L battery.

Load testing 540 provides measurements and testing 550 performscomparisons for distinguishing among different types of batteries B thatprovide similar voltages, e.g., voltages on the order of 1.0-1.5 volts,and so cannot be easily or reliably distinguished by a simple voltagemeasurement and comparison. Such simple comparison would be unreliableeven if the battery is fresh, and it becomes less reliable as aparticular battery may have experienced partial discharge, e.g., fromprior use, temperature and/or a self discharge over a long period ofstorage.

Load testing steps 540 apply 542 a load to the battery B for apredetermined time period 544 for evaluating 546 its performance under asignificant load, preferably without depleting the energy stored thereinmaterially. A known load is applied 542 to the battery for apredetermined delay period 544 before the battery voltage VBATT-2 ismeasured 546, after which the load is removed 548. In one exampleembodiment, the load applied 542 includes activating the controltransistor of selector detector 440, e.g., transistor Q7 in circuit 400or transistor Q8 in circuit 400′ so that selector detector 440 drawscurrent from supply VDD which is powered by battery B. The activationtime period, delay 544, can be less than one minute, and typically about45 seconds is sufficient, which does not materially discharge battery B.

Comparison 550 includes determining 552 the voltage change ΔV thatoccurred over the delay time 544 which is obtained by subtracting thefinal measured battery B voltage VBATT-2 from the initial voltageVBATT-1. That voltage difference ΔV will be greater, e.g., for a 1.5volt lithium battery than for an alkaline or Ni—Cd battery. If thevoltage difference ΔV is greater than the predetermined trip value,e.g., typically in a range of about 0.02-0.25 volts, then the battery isa lithium battery, e.g., is a type L, and path Y is taken fromcomparison 554 and so the load current is set 570 to the typicallyhigher ILOAD L level. If the difference 552 is less than 554 apredetermined trip value, path N is taken from comparison 554 becausesmall difference indicates that the battery B is not a lithium battery,but is an alkaline or Ni—Cd battery, e.g., a type AN battery, and theload current can be set 560 to the ILOAD AN setting. The trip value canbe dependent upon many factors including, e.g., the applied loading, theloading time delay, and the like, and may be determined empirically.

Thus the operating condition of light 10 may be set 560, 570 to adifferent predetermined operating condition, e.g., setting a relativelylower operating load current level A for light source 230 or other loadthat corresponds to, e.g., a lower brightness level, thereby to obtain alonger run time than would otherwise be obtainable from a battery oftype A or type N if light or device 10 were to be operated at the higherload current ILOAD L.

Whichever operating condition is selected and set 560, 570, an indictionof that condition, e.g., load current L or load current A, is stored 580in the memory of controller 410 so as to be available for controllingthe operation condition of light or device 10 when it is ON. Method 500′is complete with light or device 10 continuing 590 in normal operation,e.g., responding to commands received via selector 250 and switch 251,242, S1 from time to time.

It is noted that the foregoing methods 500 and 500′ are performed onlywhen a battery is placed into the battery compartment 302 of light ordevice 10 and method 500, 500′ does not turn light or device 10 ON, butmethod 500, 500′ does set the operating condition under which light ordevice 10 will operate when it is commanded by a user. The operatingcondition set 560, 570 remains stored 580 until the battery is removedfrom compartment 302 at which time operating voltage Vdd is removed fromcontroller 410 which turns OFF until it initializes when a battery isplaced in compartment 302 thereby to initiate method 500, 500′.

In one preferred embodiment, controller 410 is preferably configured toinitially set the LED light source 230 current to the lower value, e.g.,ILOAD A or ILOAD AN, that produces a brightness level of about 40lumens. If battery B is a CR123 lithium battery, then processor 410modifies the operating condition or light 10 to operate light source 230at the current ILOAD L which causes light source 230 to produce abrightness of about 50 lumens. If battery B is not a CR123 lithiumbattery, then processor 410 initially operates light source 230 at acurrent level that produces a light output of about 40 lumens which is,e.g., the brightness produced by a current ILOAD A or ILOAD AN. Iftesting method 500, 500′ determines that battery B is a lithiumchemistry battery, then processor 410 increases the current to lightsource 230 to ILOAD L which increases the brightness to about 50 lumens,otherwise the load current remains at ILOAD A or ILOAD AN which producesa brightness level of about 40 lumens.

In one alternative, one type of battery may be considered the defaultbattery type. The current level to be set 560, 570 for that default typeof battery may then be predetermined as a default current setting fornormal operation 590. If the battery placed 510 into housing 110 isdetermined 520, 530, 540, 550 to be the default battery type, then thesteps of setting the load current and storing 560 or 570 the loadcurrent setting 580 for the default battery type may be eliminated andnormal operation 590 may directly follow step 530 of method 500 or step550 of method 500′. If the battery is determined 520, 530, 540, 550 tobe of a type other than the default type, then method 500, 500′ proceedsthrough steps 560, 570, 580 as described.

In a typical embodiment of light 10, light housing 110, includinghousing portions 120, 140, cover 210, and cap 150, as well as parts ofselector 250 and interior parts 220, 224, 320, 322, 156 may be a metalor plastic, e.g. aluminum, a nylon, a glass-filled nylon, ABS,polycarbonate, or other suitable metal or plastic, and lens 240 may bepolycarbonate, acrylic, clear ABS, or other suitable plastic or glass,and conductive strips 310, 330 may be brass, copper, aluminum, phosphorbronze, or other suitable material, and may have a suitable plating,e.g., gold, silver, nickel, tin or solder. Tether 180 may be of a rubberor a flexible plastic, e.g., a low density or other polyethylene (LDPE),polypropylene, rubber, or other plastic.

In a typical embodiment of circuit 400, 400′, power controller 420 mayemploy, e.g., a type TPS61028 synchronous boost converter integratedcircuit available from Texas Instruments, Inc., located in Dallas, Tex.,a type MCP1624 DC low-voltage input boost regulator integrated circuitavailable from Microchip Technology, Inc., located in Chandler, Ariz., atype XC9131 DC converter integrated circuit available from TorexSemiconductor Ltd. located in Japan, or any other suitable DC converterintegrated circuit. Controller 410, 410′ may employ, e.g., a typePIC16F785 embedded micro-controller integrated circuit available fromMicrochip Technology, Inc., located in Chandler, Ariz., or any othersuitable processor circuit of which many are available commercially fromseveral different suppliers.

Typically, controller integrated circuits (IC) have various “ports” atwhich data may be received by controller IC 410 and/or provided bycontroller IC 410. Each “port” commonly connects to plural terminals ofcontroller IC 410 and the functioning thereof may be configured orprogrammed by instructions stored in the memory of IC 410 so as to havedifferent characteristics, e.g., to serve as an analog input, as ananalog output, as a digital input or as a digital output. Typically eachport corresponds to plural terminals (pins) of the physical integratedcircuit, wherein when the port is configured as a digital port, each pincarries one bit of a multi-bit digital signal received and/or outputtedas a parallel multi-bit digital “word” when the data output is digital,and as plural analog terminals wherein the port is configured as ananalog port. One common format provides ports as, e.g., an eight-bitport (a port using eight terminals of the physical IC). In someinstances, the terminals of controller IC 410 may be configuredindividually or in groups partly as digital terminals and partly asanalog terminals.

A portable light 10 may comprise: a light source 230 for producing lightwhen energized; a switch 250 for controlling energization of said lightsource 230; a light housing 110 supporting light source 230 and switch250, light housing 110 having a cylindrical compartment 302 forreceiving batteries of different sizes, wherein cylindrical compartment302 has a relatively larger diameter in a central region thereof and hasa relatively smaller diameter at least at one end thereof; and first andsecond electrical contacts 154, 324 at opposite ends of the cylindricalcompartment 302 for making electrical connection to a battery when abattery is received therein, wherein the battery may be of a relativelylarger diameter and a relatively shorter length or may be of arelatively smaller diameter and a relatively longer length. The lighthousing 110 may comprise: a base housing 140 having the cylindricalcompartment 302 therein and having an opening; and a cap 150 forremovably covering the opening of base housing 140 for accessing thecylindrical compartment 302 for placing a battery therein and forremoving a battery therefrom, wherein base housing 140 includes one offirst and second electrical contacts 154, 324 in the cylindricalcompartment 302 thereof and wherein cap 150 includes the other of firstand second electrical contacts 154, 324. Light housing 110 may comprise:a cylindrical sleeve 320 in the cylindrical compartment 302 of lighthousing 110 for defining the relatively smaller diameter at least at oneend thereof. At least one of first and second electrical contacts 154,324 may comprise: a spring contact 154, 324 for extending andcompressing for contacting batteries of the relatively shorter lengthand of the relatively longer length. The portable light 10 may furthercomprise: a polarity ring 322 of an insulating material and having anopening of a size permitting a battery terminal of one polarity tocontact one of first and second electrical contacts 154, 324 andblocking a battery terminal of the opposite polarity from contacting theone of first and second electrical contacts 154, 324. The portable light10 may further comprise: an electronic circuit 400, 400′ for receivingelectrical power at voltages produced by batteries of different typesand providing therefrom electrical power at a voltage Vo compatible withlight source 230; or an electronic circuit 400, 400′ responsive to abattery being placed in the compartment of said light housing 110 fordetermining the type of the battery and changing an operating conditionof said light source 230 responsive thereto; or an electronic circuit400, 400′ for receiving electrical power at voltages produced bybatteries of different types and providing therefrom electrical power ata voltage compatible with said light source 230 and responsive to abattery being placed in the compartment of said light housing 110 fordetermining the type of the battery and changing an operating conditionof said light source 230 responsive thereto.

A portable device 10 may comprise: an operative element 230 foroperating when energized; a switch 250 for controlling energization ofoperative element 230; a housing 110 supporting operative element 230and switch 250, housing 110 having a cylindrical compartment 302 forreceiving batteries of different sizes, wherein the cylindricalcompartment 302 has a relatively larger diameter in a central regionthereof and has a relatively smaller diameter at least at one endthereof; and first and second electrical contacts 154, 324 at oppositeends of the cylindrical compartment 302 for making electrical connectionto a battery when a battery is received therein, wherein the battery maybe of a relatively larger diameter and a relatively shorter length ormay be of a relatively smaller diameter and a relatively longer length.Housing 110 may comprise: a base housing 140 having the cylindricalcompartment 302 therein and having an opening; and a cap 150 forremovably covering the opening of base housing 140 for accessing thecylindrical compartment 302 for placing a battery therein and forremoving a battery therefrom, wherein base housing 140 includes one offirst and second electrical contacts 154, 324 in the cylindricalcompartment 302 thereof and wherein 150 cap includes the other of firstand second electrical contacts 154, 324. Housing 110 may comprise: acylindrical sleeve 320 in the cylindrical compartment 302 of housing 110for defining the relatively smaller diameter at least at one endthereof. At least one of first and second electrical contacts 154, 324may comprise: a spring contact 154, 324 for extending and compressingfor contacting batteries of tab relatively shorter length and of therelatively longer length. The portable device 10 may further comprise: apolarity ring 322 of an insulating material and having an opening of asize permitting a battery terminal of one polarity to contact one offirst and second electrical contacts 154, 324 and blocking a batteryterminal of the opposite polarity from contacting the one of first andsecond electrical contacts 154, 324. The portable device 10 may furthercomprise: an electronic circuit 400, 400′ for receiving electrical powerat voltages produced by batteries of different types and providingtherefrom electrical power at a voltage Vo compatible with saidoperative element; or an electronic circuit 400, 400′ responsive to abattery being placed in the compartment of said housing 110 fordetermining the type of the battery and changing an operating conditionof said operative element 230 responsive thereto; or an electroniccircuit 400, 400′ for receiving electrical power at voltages produced bybatteries of different types and providing therefrom electrical power ata voltage compatible with said operative element 230 and responsive to abattery being placed in the compartment of said housing 110 fordetermining the type of the battery and changing an operating conditionof said operative element 230 responsive thereto.

A portable light 10 may comprise: a light source 230 for producing lightwhen energized; a switch 250 for controlling energization of lightsource 230; a light housing 110 supporting light source 230 and switch250, light housing 110 having a compartment 302 for receiving batteriesof different sizes, wherein compartment 302 has a relatively largertransverse dimension in one region thereof for receiving a batteryhaving a corresponding relatively larger transverse dimension and has arelatively smaller transverse dimension at least at one end thereof forreceiving a battery having a corresponding relatively smaller transversedimension; and first and second electrical contacts 154, 324 in thecompartment 302 for making electrical connection to the terminals of abattery when a battery is received therein, wherein the at least one ofthe first and second electrical contacts 154, 324 is movable within thecompartment 302 for making electrical connection to the terminals ofbatteries having a relatively shorter length and a relatively longerlength. Light housing 110 may comprise: a base housing 140 having thecompartment 302 therein and having an opening; and a cap 150 forremovably covering the opening of base housing 110 for accessing thecompartment 302 for placing a battery therein and for removing a batterytherefrom, wherein base housing 140 includes one of first and secondelectrical contacts 154, 324 in the compartment 302 thereof and whereincap 150 includes the other of first and second electrical contacts 154,324. Light housing 110 may comprise: a sleeve 320 in the compartment 302of light housing 110 for defining the relatively smaller transversedimension at least at one end thereof. At least one of first and secondelectrical contacts 154, 324 may comprise: a spring contact 154, 324 forextending and compressing for contacting batteries of the relativelyshorter length and of the relatively longer length. The portable light10 may further comprise: a polarity ring 322 of an insulating materialand having an opening of a size permitting a battery terminal of onepolarity to contact one of first and second electrical contacts 154, 324and blocking a battery terminal of the opposite polarity from contactingthe one of first and second electrical contacts 154, 324. The portablelight 10 may further comprise: an electronic circuit 400, 400′ forreceiving electrical power at voltages produced by batteries ofdifferent types and providing therefrom electrical power at a voltage Vocompatible with said light source; or an electronic circuit 400, 400′responsive to a battery being placed in the compartment of said lighthousing 110 for determining the type of the battery and changing anoperating condition of said light source 230 responsive thereto; or anelectronic circuit 400, 400′ for receiving electrical power at voltagesproduced by batteries of different types and providing therefromelectrical power at a voltage compatible with said light source 230 andresponsive to a battery being placed in the compartment of said lighthousing 110 for determining the type of the battery and changing anoperating condition of said light source 230 responsive thereto.

A portable device 10 may comprise: an operative element 230 foroperating when energized; a switch 250 for controlling energization ofoperative element 230; a housing 110 supporting operative element 230and switch 250, housing 110 having a compartment 302 for receivingbatteries of different sizes, wherein compartment 302 has a relativelylarger transverse dimension in one region thereof for receiving abattery having a corresponding relatively larger transverse dimensionand has a relatively smaller transverse dimension at least at one endthereof for receiving a battery having a corresponding relativelysmaller transverse dimension; and first and second electrical contacts154, 324 in the compartment 302 for making electrical connection to theterminals of a battery when a battery is received therein, wherein theat least one of the first and second electrical contacts 154, 324 ismovable within the compartment 302 for making electrical connection tothe terminals of batteries having a relatively shorter length and arelatively longer length. Housing 110 may comprise: a base housing 140having the compartment 302 therein and having an opening; and a cap 150for removably covering the opening of base housing 140 for accessing thecompartment 302 for placing a battery therein and for removing a batterytherefrom, wherein base housing 140 includes one of first and secondelectrical contacts 154, 324 in the compartment 302 thereof and whereincap 150 includes the other of said first and second electrical contacts154, 324. Housing 110 may comprise: a sleeve 322 in the compartment 302of housing 110 for defining the relatively smaller transverse dimensionat least at one end thereof. At least one of first and second electricalcontacts 154, 324 may comprise: a spring contact 154, 324 for extendingand compressing for contacting batteries of the relatively shorterlength and of the relatively longer length. The portable device 10 mayfurther comprise: a polarity ring 322 of an insulating material andhaving an opening of a size permitting a battery terminal of onepolarity to contact one of first and second electrical contacts 154, 324and blocking a battery terminal of the opposite polarity from contactingthe one of first and second electrical contacts 154, 324. The portabledevice 10 may further comprise: an electronic circuit 400, 400′ forreceiving electrical power at voltages produced by batteries ofdifferent types and providing therefrom electrical power at a voltage Vocompatible with operative element 230; or an electronic circuit 400,400′ responsive to a battery being placed in the compartment of saidhousing 110 for determining the type of the battery and changing anoperating condition of said operative element 230 responsive thereto; oran electronic circuit 400, 400′ for receiving electrical power atvoltages produced by batteries of different types and providingtherefrom electrical power at a voltage compatible with said operativeelement 230 and responsive to a battery being placed in the compartmentof said housing 110 for determining the type of the battery and changingan operating condition of said operative element 230 responsive thereto.

As used herein, the term “about” means that dimensions, sizes,formulations, parameters, shapes and other quantities andcharacteristics are not and need not be exact, but may be approximateand/or larger or smaller, as desired, reflecting tolerances, conversionfactors, rounding off, measurement error and the like, and other factorsknown to those of skill in the art. In general, a dimension, size,formulation, parameter, shape or other quantity or characteristic is“about” or “approximate” whether or not expressly stated to be such. Itis noted that embodiments of very different sizes, shapes and dimensionsmay employ the described arrangements.

Although terms such as “up,” “down,” “left,” “right,” “front,” “rear,”“side,” “top,” “bottom,” “forward,” “backward,” “under” and/or “over,”and the like may be used herein as a convenience in describing one ormore embodiments and/or uses of the present arrangement, the articlesdescribed may be positioned in any desired orientation and/or may beutilized in any desired position and/or orientation. Such terms ofposition and/or orientation should be understood as being forconvenience only, and not as limiting of the invention as claimed.

The term battery is used herein to refer to an electro-chemical devicecomprising one or more electro-chemical cells and/or fuel cells, and soa battery may include a single cell or plural cells, whether asindividual units or as a packaged unit. A battery is one example of atype of an electrical power source suitable for a portable device.

While the present invention has been described in terms of the foregoingexample embodiments, variations within the scope and spirit of thepresent invention as defined by the claims following will be apparent tothose skilled in the art. For example, while the preferred embodiment oflight 10 is shown to have a battery compartment 302 that accommodatestwo different single batteries, light 10 may have a battery compartment302 that accommodates other than two different single batteries.

By way of example, housing portion 140 and battery compartment 302therein could be extended in length, e.g., at the end 142 at which cap150 attaches, or at the opposite end, or at both ends, so as to accepttherein two different sets of two or more batteries in series, e.g., twoAA cells and two CR123 cells or three AA cells and three CR123 cells,and so forth. Further, sleeve 320 and battery ring 156 could havestepped or tapered diameter central cavities for receiving batteries ofplural different diameters, e.g., a size CR123 battery or a size AAbattery or a size AAA battery, with spring contacts 154, 324 expandingand being compressed according to the length of the battery. Stillfurther, both of the foregoing alternatives could be employed so thatlight 10 could accept more than two different sets of more than twodifferent batteries, e.g., two or more CR123 batteries in series or twoor more AA batteries in series or two or more AAA batteries in series,and so forth. Further, two or more batteries could be placedside-by-side in a compartment according to the disclosed arrangementwherein two or more compartments as described are placed side-by-side inthe housing for receiving the side-by-side batteries. While a wall maybe present between the adjacent compartments and the batteries therein,a wall is not necessary and there may be an opening between the twoadjacent compartments consistent with the two compartments bothreceiving respective batteries of the type having the larger diameter.

In example light 10 herein the contacts 154, 324 at either end ofbattery compartment 302 are movable longitudinally for making contactwith the terminals of a battery therein, however, it is satisfactorythat only one of contacts 154, 324 be movable to accommodate thedifferent lengths of different batteries and/or that both of contacts154, 324 be at the same end of compartment 302, e.g., where a battery orbattery pack has both of its terminals at one end thereof.

The different batteries accommodated may have cylindrical configurationsas described or may have other configurations, e.g., a rectangularconfiguration, as do typical 9-volt alkaline batteries and variousbatteries for cellular telephones, MP3 players and other portabledevices.

While circuitry 400 may control LED current as described, LED currentmay be controlled in any other suitable manner, e.g., by controlling theoperation of selection transistors Q1-Q3, U1A in an analog manner eitherbeing OFF when not selected or being controlled ON responsive to thecurrent sensed by a resistor, R1, R3 with the power conditioner voltageVo being a fixed voltage.

Further, a light source 230 for a portable light 10 could include agreater number or a lesser number of distinct light sources, e.g., anyone or more light sources 232, 236, and each light source 232, 236 maycomprise one or more light producing elements, e.g., LEDs and/orincandescent or other lamps, as may be desired, and the various parts ofthe circuitry described may be replicated therefor.

Protection against insertion of a battery in an incorrect orientation,which would cause the battery voltage to be applied with the reverse ofthe intended polarity, may be provided by a physical or mechanicalarrangement, e.g., by a polarity protector ring 322 as described, or maybe provided electronically, e.g., by a series diode, preferably a lowforward voltage device such as a Schottky diode, connected in serieswith the battery, and the polarity ring 322 may be eliminated. Further,both physical and electronic protection against reverse battery voltagepolarity could be provided.

Each of the U.S. Provisional applications, U.S. patent applications,and/or U.S. patents identified herein are hereby incorporated herein byreference in their entirety, for any purpose and for all purposesirrespective of how it may be referred to herein.

Finally, numerical values stated are typical or example values, are notlimiting values, and do not preclude substantially larger and/orsubstantially smaller values. Values in any given embodiment may besubstantially larger and/or may be substantially smaller than theexample or typical values stated.

1. An electronic circuit for determining a type and/or size of a batteryin a portable light and controlling an operating condition of a lightsource of the portable light comprising: a circuit measuring the voltageof the battery when the battery is in the portable light; a processorfor determining the measured voltage of the battery at a first time;said processor applying a predetermined load to the battery for apredetermined time and determining the measured voltage of the batteryduring the predetermined time; said processor determining the differencebetween the measured voltage of the battery at the first time and themeasured voltage of the battery during the predetermined time; and saidprocessor setting an operating condition of the light source based uponthe difference between the measured voltage of the battery determined atthe first time and the measured voltage of the battery determined duringthe predetermined time.
 2. The electronic circuit of claim 1 whereinsaid circuit measuring the voltage of the battery includes: a resistivevoltage divider; or an analog to digital converter; or a resistivevoltage divider and an analog to digital converter.
 3. The electroniccircuit of claim 1 wherein said processor applies the predetermined loadand determines the difference between measured voltages when a batteryis placed into the portable light.
 4. The electronic circuit of claim 1wherein the operating condition of the light source set by the processoris stored in a memory.
 5. The electronic circuit of claim 4 wherein thelight source is operated at the operating condition stored in the memoryuntil the battery is removed from the portable light.
 6. The electroniccircuit of claim 1 wherein said processor setting an operating conditionincludes: said processor setting an operating current for the lightsource; or said processor setting an operating current for a lightemitting diode of the light source; or said processor selecting one of aplurality of light emitting diodes of the light source; or saidprocessor selecting one of a plurality of light emitting diodes of thelight source and setting an operating current for the selected lightemitting diode.
 7. The electronic circuit of claim 1 wherein saidprocessor setting an operating condition of the light source includesselecting an operating current for a light emitting diode or selectingone of a plurality of light emitting diodes for extending the run timeof the portable light.
 8. The electronic circuit of claim 1 wherein saidprocessor distinguishes: battery types including a lithium chemistry, analkaline chemistry, and a nickel-cadmium chemistry; or battery sizesincluding an AA size, an AAA size, and a CR123 size; or battery typesincluding a lithium chemistry, an alkaline chemistry, and anickel-cadmium chemistry, and battery sizes including an AA size, an AAAsize, and a CR123 size.
 9. The electronic circuit of claim 1 furthercomprising: first and second electrical contacts in a batterycompartment for making electrical connection to the terminals of abattery when a battery is received therein and to the measuring circuit,wherein the at least one of said first and second electrical contacts ismovable within the battery compartment for making electrical connectionto terminals of batteries having a relatively shorter length and arelatively longer length.
 10. An electronic circuit for determining atype and/or size of a battery in a portable light and controlling anoperating condition of a light source of the portable light comprising:a circuit measuring the voltage of the battery when the battery is inthe portable light; a processor for determining the measured voltage ofthe battery at a first time; said processor comparing the measuredvoltage of the battery at the first time and a predetermined voltagevalue; and said processor setting an operating condition of the lightsource based upon the difference between the measured voltage of thebattery determined at the first time and the predetermined voltagevalue.
 11. The electronic circuit of claim 10 further comprising: saidprocessor applying a predetermined load to the battery for apredetermined time and determining the measured voltage of the batteryduring the predetermined time; and said processor determining thedifference between the measured voltage of the battery determined at thefirst time and the measured voltage of the battery determined during thepredetermined time.
 12. The electronic circuit of claim 10 wherein saidcircuit measuring the voltage of the battery includes: a resistivevoltage divider; or an analog to digital converter; or a resistivevoltage divider and an analog to digital converter.
 13. The electroniccircuit of claim 10 wherein said processor determines the differencebetween the measured voltage and the predetermined voltage value when abattery is placed into the portable light.
 14. The electronic circuit ofclaim 10 wherein the operating condition of the light source set by theprocessor is stored in a memory.
 15. The electronic circuit of claim 14wherein the light source is operated at the operating condition storedin the memory until the battery is removed from the portable light. 16.The electronic circuit of claim 10 wherein said processor setting anoperating condition includes: said processor setting an operatingcurrent for the light source; or said processor setting an operatingcurrent for a light emitting diode of the light source; or saidprocessor selecting one of a plurality of light emitting diodes of thelight source; or said processor selecting one of a plurality of lightemitting diodes of the light source and setting an operating current forthe selected light emitting diode.
 17. The electronic circuit of claim10 wherein said processor setting an operating condition of the lightsource includes selecting an operating current for a light emittingdiode or selecting one of a plurality of light emitting diodes forextending the run time of the portable light.
 18. The electronic circuitof claim 10 wherein said processor distinguishes: battery typesincluding a lithium chemistry, an alkaline chemistry, and anickel-cadmium chemistry; or battery sizes including an AA size, an AAAsize, and a CR123 size; or battery types including a lithium chemistry,an alkaline chemistry, and a nickel-cadmium chemistry, and battery sizesincluding an AA size, an AAA size, and a CR123 size.
 19. The electroniccircuit of claim 10 further comprising: first and second electricalcontacts in a battery compartment for making electrical connection tothe terminals of a battery when a battery is received therein and to themeasuring circuit, wherein the at least one of said first and secondelectrical contacts is movable within the battery compartment for makingelectrical connection to terminals of batteries having a relativelyshorter length and a relatively longer length.
 20. A method fordetermining a type and/or size of a battery in a portable light andcontrolling an operating condition of a light source of the portablelight comprising: measuring the voltage of the battery when the batteryis in the portable light; determining the measured voltage of thebattery at a first time; comparing the measured voltage of the batteryat the first time and a predetermined voltage value; and setting anoperating condition of the light source based upon the differencebetween the measured voltage of the battery determined at the first timeand the predetermined voltage value.
 21. The method of claim 20 furthercomprising: applying a predetermined load to the battery for apredetermined time and determining the measured voltage of the batteryduring the predetermined time; and determining the difference betweenthe measured voltage of the battery determined at the first time and themeasured voltage of the battery determined during the predeterminedtime.
 22. The method of claim 20 wherein said measuring the voltage ofthe battery includes: applying voltage to a resistive voltage divider;or applying voltage to an analog to digital converter; or applyingvoltage to a resistive voltage divider and to an analog to digitalconverter.
 23. The method of claim 20 wherein determining the differencebetween the measured voltage and the predetermined voltage value occurswhen a battery is placed into the portable light.
 24. The method ofclaim 20 further comprising storing the set operating condition of thelight source in a memory.
 25. The method of claim 24 further comprisingoperating the light source at the operating condition stored in thememory until the battery is removed from the portable light.
 26. Themethod of claim 20 wherein said setting an operating condition includes:setting an operating current for the light source; or setting anoperating current for a light emitting diode of the light source; orselecting one of a plurality of light emitting diodes of the lightsource; or selecting one of a plurality of light emitting diodes of thelight source and setting an operating current for the selected lightemitting diode.
 27. The method of claim 20 wherein said setting anoperating condition of the light source includes selecting an operatingcurrent for a light emitting diode or selecting one of a plurality oflight emitting diodes for extending the run time of the portable light.28. The method of claim 20 wherein said comparing the measured voltageor said determining the difference or both distinguishes: battery typesincluding a lithium chemistry, an alkaline chemistry, and anickel-cadmium chemistry; or battery sizes including an AA size, an AAAsize, and a CR123 size; or battery types including a lithium chemistry,an alkaline chemistry, and a nickel-cadmium chemistry, and battery sizesincluding an AA size, an AAA size, and a CR123 size.
 29. The method ofclaim 20 wherein said measuring the voltage comprises: measuring thevoltage between first and second electrical contacts in a batterycompartment for making electrical connection to the terminals of abattery when a battery is received therein, wherein the at least one ofsaid first and second electrical contacts is movable within the batterycompartment for making electrical connection to terminals of batterieshaving a relatively shorter length and a relatively longer length.